1940's
In the '40's these things called 'Soundies' were developed. They were like jukeboxes, but they played videos along with the song. The videos were usually promoting the artist, and were often considered quite 'racy'. An example of the kind of video that would have been played on a Soundie is Nat King Cole's Frim Fram Sauce:
There are many elements in this that would be very familiar to viewers of music videos today, as they have lasted around 60 years, for example, the elements of voyeurism, when Nat King Cole observes himself in a Soundie. Also familiar to viewers today is the objectification of women, as the video features an up and down shot of a woman's legs that is entirely irrelevant to the narrative, and was only there for the male gaze.
Soundies were later banned because of the video's racy nature, so then a similar version cropped up in France: the Scopitone. These were in colour, always featured the artist, and often featured some sort of dance routine to grab the audience's attention. Here is an example of a Scopitone:
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